Wilcox v. Jeffery

Hawkins, an American musician, performed at a London concert in violation of the Aliens Order, which barred him from taking employment. Wilcox (defendant), a magazine reporter, covered Hawkins's arrival, bought a ticket, attended the performance with full knowledge it was illegal, and later published a laudatory article about it, though there was no evidence he applauded or otherwise actively participated. A magistrate convicted him of aiding and abetting the Aliens Order violation, and he appealed.

Whether a person's deliberate presence in a crowd at an illegal act, intended to encourage its commission, makes that person guilty of aiding and abetting the act.