People v. Medina
California Supreme Court
209 P.3d 105 (2009)
Relevant factsFree
Gang members Medina, Marron, and Vallejo instigated an unarmed fistfight against a rival-gang member over perceived disrespect, and immediately afterward Medina shot and killed the victim as he tried to drive away; expert testimony described how gang culture's emphasis on reputation and retaliation makes such disputes prone to rapid escalation involving firearms, and an appellate court had reversed Marron's and Vallejo's aiding-and-abetting murder convictions for insufficient evidence the shooting was foreseeable.
IssueFree
Whether a person who aids and abets a perpetrator in one crime is also guilty of any other crime that the perpetrator commits as a natural and probable consequence of the intended crime.