Zivotofsky ex rel. Zivotofsky v. Kerry (Zivotofsky II)

Zivotofsky (plaintiff), born in Jerusalem to U.S.-citizen parents, was denied his request to list 'Israel' as his birthplace on official documents, consistent with the State Department's policy of not recognizing Jerusalem as part of any state given the President's neutral stance on Jerusalem's status. Zivotofsky argued section 214(d) of a federal statute entitled him to have 'Israel' listed.

Whether Article II of the Constitution grants the U.S. president exclusive authority to recognize foreign sovereigns, thereby making section 214(d) unconstitutional.