United States v. Ortiz
United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit
966 F.2d 707 (1992)
Llanos arranged to sell cocaine to an undercover agent and asked Nunez to accompany him to the sale, which Nunez did, remaining in the car and later concurring when Llanos told the agent the cocaine needed to be cut and repackaged; Llanos later invited Ortiz, Nunez's brother-in-law, to join for the second exchange, and Ortiz agreed and carried a beeper, again remaining in the car during the sale. All three were arrested, Llanos pleaded guilty as the principal, and a jury convicted Ortiz and Nunez (defendants) of aiding and abetting his cocaine sale; they appealed.
Whether a defendant is guilty of aiding and abetting an illegal drug sale if, with the contrivance of the principal, he voluntarily accompanied the principal to the point of sale.