Rucho v. Common Cause

North Carolina Republican legislators (defendants) drew a congressional map producing 10 Republican and 3 Democrat seats despite statewide Democrats receiving more total votes, while Maryland Democrats separately redrew a map specifically to flip one Republican-held district by relocating hundreds of thousands of voters. Voters in both states (plaintiffs) sued, alleging the maps violated equal protection, the First Amendment, and the Elections Clause, and both trial courts ruled for the voters before the cases were consolidated for Supreme Court review of whether courts have any judicial power to address partisan gerrymandering at all.