Hills v. Gautreaux
United States Supreme Court
425 U.S. 284 (1976)
A district court found that the Chicago Housing Authority and HUD (defendant) had funded and built public housing exclusively in African-American neighborhoods within Chicago, violating the Constitution; the Seventh Circuit ordered consideration of a remedy spanning the broader Chicago metropolitan housing market rather than confining relief to the city itself, reasoning HUD's own regional funding role made a wider remedy appropriate. HUD petitioned the Supreme Court for review, invoking Milliken v. Bradley's limits on remedies reaching governmental entities not found to have violated the Constitution.
Whether federal judicial power is necessarily limited to the municipal boundaries of the location where the underlying constitutional violation occurred.