Harisiades v. Shaughnessy

Three legal resident aliens, Harisiades and his co-plaintiffs, had each been Communist Party members at some point but left the party before 1940, disavowed any support for violently overthrowing the U.S. government, and had since established families in the United States. Under the Alien Registration Act of 1940, which authorized deportation for current or past ties to groups advocating violent overthrow of the government, all three were ordered deported. They sued to have the Act declared unconstitutional, and the Supreme Court granted certiorari.