Flores-Figueroa v. United States

Ignacio Flores-Figueroa (defendant), an undocumented immigrant, gave his employer a fake Social Security card and alien-registration card that ICE determined bore numbers actually belonging to real people. He was charged with aggravated identity theft under a statute criminalizing knowingly using, without lawful authority, a means of identification of another person; the district court convicted him after a bench trial, the appeals court affirmed, and the Supreme Court granted certiorari to decide whether the government had to prove he knew the numbers belonged to a real person.