Craft v. National Park Service & National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
34 F.3d 918 (1994)
Relevant factsFree
Craft and others (plaintiffs) excavated objects from sunken ships in a national marine sanctuary using hammering and chiseling that scarred the seabed, violating a NOAA regulation banning dredging or otherwise altering the seabed "in any way," with limited exceptions for anchoring and commercial bottom trawling; NOAA assessed civil penalties, the district court affirmed, and the plaintiffs appealed, arguing the regulation was overbroad and unconstitutionally vague.
IssueFree
Whether a federal regulation is overly broad or unconstitutionally vague if it does not violate a constitutional or fundamental right and clearly prohibits a broad range of conduct.