County of Oneida v. Oneida Indian Nation

New York purchased the remainder of the Oneida Indians' (plaintiffs') reservation land in 1795 through direct cash payments, allegedly in violation of a 1790 federal statute requiring any sale of Indian land to be governed by treaty; the Oneida sued the Counties of Oneida and Madison (defendants) in 1970 seeking the land's fair market value as damages, and the district court and Second Circuit both found the sale violated the statute and was void.