Boim v. Holy Land Foundation for Relief and Development (Boim III)

The Anti-Terrorism Act (section 2333) creates a private cause of action for a U.S. national injured by 'international terrorism.' David Boim, a U.S. and Israeli citizen, was killed by Hamas members in Israel when Hamas was a designated terrorist organization that also ran social-welfare and education services. Boim's parents (plaintiffs) sued organizations including Salah, the Holy Land Foundation, the American Muslim Society, and the Quranic Literacy Institute (defendants), alleging they provided financial support to Hamas before Boim's death. The district court found the defendants jointly and severally liable and awarded $156 million in treble damages; they appealed.

Whether non-state entities that knowingly provide financial support to terrorist organizations are civilly liable under the Anti-Terrorism Act for injuries resulting from acts of terrorism.