United States v. American Radiator & Standard Sanitary Corp.
United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
433 F.2d 174 (1970)
At an antitrust conspiracy trial, the government introduced six pages of undated, unsigned handwritten notes found in a co-conspirator's files, allegedly authored by Crane official Pape; Pape never testified about authorship, but a former Crane secretary familiar with his handwriting identified him as the author of four of the six pages, and the judge admitted all six pages, instructing the jury it could compare the four identified pages against the other two to determine common authorship. American Radiator was convicted and appealed the admission of the notes.
Whether, to be admissible, evidence must be sufficiently authenticated to uphold a verdict that depends on its genuineness.