United States v. Alvarez
United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
755 F.2d 830 (1985)
During a planned $147,000 cocaine sale, one participant told undercover agents he would rather be dead than return to prison, and when backup agents converged on the transaction site, a gunshot killed one of them; Portal, Concepcion, and Hernandez, whose roles included introducing agents to the shooter, being present during the shooting, and providing the location for the transaction, were convicted of murder despite arguing the killing exceeded the conspiracy's foreseeable scope.
Whether, under the Pinkerton doctrine, a coconspirator can be liable for another coconspirator's crime that was a reasonably foreseeable consequence of the conspiracy, even if the crime was outside the scope of the originally intended agreement.