Puerto Rico v. Branstad

After air traffic controller Calder killed one person and injured another while driving in Puerto Rico and repeatedly failed to appear in court, he fled to Iowa and surrendered there; Puerto Rico's Governor (plaintiff) requested his extradition, but Iowa's Governor Branstad (defendant) refused after the parties couldn't agree to reduce the charges. Puerto Rico sued in federal court seeking a declaration that the refusal violated the Extradition Clause and the federal Extradition Act, but the district court dismissed the complaint based on the old precedent Kentucky v. Dennison, which held federal courts lack power to compel a governor's compliance with extradition demands, and the court of appeals affirmed.