National Association of Window Glass Manufacturers v. United States

The National Association of Window Glass Manufacturers (defendant), a voluntary trade organization of handblown-window-glass manufacturers, adopted a rotating wage scale restricting members' access to skilled union labor during set time periods, effectively designating which periods members' factories could operate, in response to skilled union glassblowers becoming scarce as machine-made glass rendered their trade increasingly obsolete; the United States (plaintiff) sued the Association and its members, alleging the wage scale was an unlawful restraint of trade under section 1 of the Sherman Act, and the district court ordered the Association to disregard the agreement, prompting a direct appeal to the Supreme Court.