Miller v. Johnson

After the Department of Justice rejected Georgia's (defendant) first two congressional redistricting plans for creating only two majority-minority districts, the state adopted a third plan modeled on an ACLU proposal that split more than two dozen counties and the city of Savannah to create three majority African-American districts, which the Department approved; African-American candidates won each of those three districts in the next election. A group of white voters (plaintiffs) from one of the new districts sued, arguing the plan's boundaries could only be explained by an intent to sort voters by race, and the district court agreed, finding race the plan's primary and nearly exclusive motivation.