Major League Baseball Players Association and Office of the Commissioner of Baseball

Alex Rodriguez, a New York Yankees player, regularly communicated with Anthony Bosch, who testified he supplied Rodriguez with MLB-banned performance-enhancing substances; after news reports surfaced, MLB suspended Rodriguez for the 2014 season and postseason, also alleging he obstructed its investigation. Bosch's testimony was corroborated by his personal notebook, text messages with Rodriguez, and other record evidence, while MLB also presented Rodriguez's press conference falsely denying any relationship with Bosch, his role in facilitating Bosch's own false denial, and his attempt to get Bosch to sign a false affidavit denying he ever supplied banned substances. Rodriguez argued MLB failed to meet its clear-and-convincing evidentiary burden, calling the testimony and texts unreliable and noting drug testing hadn't detected banned substances in his system.