Idaho v. United States

The United States (plaintiff), negotiating on behalf of the Coeur D'Alene Tribe, redrew reservation boundaries to include waterways like the St. Joe River and Lake Coeur D'Alene the Tribe relied on for fishing, and the Tribe agreed to this reservation before Congress ratified it; Congress admitted Idaho (defendant) to statehood while the reservation agreement was still pending ratification, and only afterward ratified the reservation. The United States sued to quiet title to the submerged lands beneath these waterways on the Tribe's behalf, and both the district court and Ninth Circuit ruled the lands belonged to the Tribe; the Supreme Court granted certiorari.