Holloway v. United States
United States Supreme Court
526 U.S. 1 (1999)
Holloway (defendant) and an accomplice carjacked three drivers at gunpoint, threatening to shoot unless the drivers surrendered their cars; Holloway never fired the gun but did punch one victim who was uncooperative. He was convicted under a federal carjacking statute requiring intent to cause death or serious bodily harm, based on jury instructions allowing conviction if he intended such harm only if the drivers had refused to comply; the court of appeals affirmed, and the Supreme Court granted certiorari to address whether such conditional intent satisfies the statute.
Whether a defendant's intent to cause death or serious bodily harm, conditioned on the victim's future noncompliance, satisfies a criminal statute's intent element at the time of the offense.