Blue Shield of Virginia v. McCready

Blue Shield's (defendant) group health plan reimbursed psychiatrist visits but not psychologist visits, allegedly as part of a conspiracy to keep psychologists from being compensated. Insured member McCready (plaintiff) was treated by a psychologist, was denied reimbursement, and brought a class action under the Sherman and Clayton Acts; the court of appeals ruled for McCready, and Blue Shield appealed, arguing McCready lacked standing because she was neither a competitor of Blue Shield nor an economic actor in the psychologist market that was allegedly restrained.