Alleyne v. United States

Alleyne (defendant) was convicted of a firearm offense carrying escalating mandatory minimums depending on how the gun was used — five years for carrying, seven for brandishing, ten for discharging — but the jury never specified which level applied; the sentencing judge found Alleyne's accomplice had brandished the gun and imposed the seven-year minimum, and the Fourth Circuit affirmed under the existing precedent Harris v. United States, which had allowed judges to find mandatory-minimum-triggering facts without a jury.